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UC San Diego scientists show bacterial enzyme can transcribe eight-letter genetic alphabet

Researchers found E. coli RNA polymerase accurately transcribes synthetic DNA base pairs using standard recognition signals.

The short version

  • Researchers at UC San Diego found that E. coli RNA polymerase can accurately read and transcribe an expanded eight-letter genetic alphabet incorporating synthetic base pairs.[ScienceDaily]
  • Structural imaging revealed the cellular enzyme recognizes synthetic DNA letters using biochemical and structural mechanisms similar to those used for natural base pairs.[ScienceDaily]
  • A related study established that RNA polymerase can also process synthetic base pairs lacking typical hydrogen bonding.[ScienceDaily]
  • The findings provide a structural foundation that researchers suggest could advance synthetic biology, specialized therapeutics, and diagnostics.[ScienceDaily]

Key facts

  • UC San Diego researchers showed that RNA polymerase from E. coli can read and transcribe an eight-letter genetic alphabet incorporating synthetic base pairs.[ScienceDaily]
  • Imaging showed RNA polymerase relies on similar biochemical and structural signals to identify both synthetic and natural base pairs.[ScienceDaily]
  • A companion study demonstrated that the enzyme can recognize synthetic base pairs that lack standard hydrogen bonds.[ScienceDaily]
  • The research was led by Dong Wang and published across Nature Communications on September 2, 2026, and PNAS on August 12, 2026.[ScienceDaily]

What remains uncertain

  • The development and timeline of future real-world applications, such as novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and engineered systems, remain prospective.[ScienceDaily]

Sources

Outlet counts describe coverage, not independent confirmation. Reports may share a wire service or original source.