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Coupang dispute drives U.S. lawmakers and investors to push for South Korea tariffs

Tensions between the U.S. and South Korea are escalating after a House report accused Seoul of targeting the Seattle-headquartered e-commerce firm over a data breach.

The short version

  • U.S. lawmakers and investors are calling for investigations and potential tariffs against South Korea following Seoul's regulatory actions against e-commerce retailer Coupang.
  • A U.S. House Judiciary Committee report alleged South Korean agencies conducted an aggressive campaign, including excessive fines and directing a covert mission to recover a suspect's laptop from a river in Shanghai.
  • South Korea's embassy denied the allegations, maintaining its actions were lawful regulatory responses to a massive personal data breach affecting millions of citizens.
  • The U.S. Trade Representative has been urged by Sen. Bernie Moreno and Coupang investors to initiate a Section 301 trade investigation, though no formal action has been announced.

Key facts

  • South Korea's government levied a 625 billion won ($409 million) fine against Coupang in June following a data breach disclosed in late 2025.[CNBC]
  • A House Judiciary Committee report released in July alleged that South Korean officials harassed Coupang and coerced it to hire divers to retrieve a breach-related laptop from a river in Shanghai.[CNBC]
  • South Korea's embassy in Washington denied the report's claims as unfounded and stated its National Intelligence Service only engaged in necessary consultations without coercing the company.[CNBC]
  • Coupang investors Greenoaks Capital Partners and Altimeter Capital petitioned the U.S. Trade Representative in January for a Section 301 investigation into South Korea's regulatory treatment.[CNBC]
  • Sen. Bernie Moreno urged U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer to consider a formal investigation and potential retaliatory tariffs over Seoul's enforcement actions.[CNBC]

What remains uncertain

  • The scope of the data breach remains disputed; South Korea states that details of 37.55 million people were exposed, while the U.S. congressional report claims data retention was limited to roughly 3,000 accounts.[CNBC]
  • It is uncertain whether the U.S. Trade Representative or the White House will act on requests to launch a Section 301 trade investigation or impose additional tariffs on South Korea.[CNBC]

Sources