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Environment & Climate

Glacier collapse triggers deadly flash flood along Nepal-Tibet border

A massive ice-rock avalanche from Langtang Lirung killed hundreds and left over a thousand missing as scientists link rising temperatures to mountain instability.

The short version

  • A massive wall of ice collapsed from the 7,000-metre Langtang Lirung mountain, triggering a flash flood along the Bhotekoshi River that killed at least 360 people and left 1,400 missing.
  • US Geological Survey analysis revealed the disaster was caused by a glacier collapse rather than an initial suspected magnitude 4.4 earthquake, with the impact generating seismic energy equivalent to a magnitude 5.2 event.
  • Glaciologists and scientists attribute the detachment to global warming and intense regional heatwaves that thawed ice holding the mountain's bedrock together.
  • Emergency services are searching for survivors while experts call for expanded early warning systems in high mountain valleys.

Key facts

  • A flash flood along the Bhotekoshi River destroyed buildings and roads across communities near the Nepal-Tibet border, leaving at least 360 dead and 1,400 missing.[The Guardian]
  • The United States Geological Survey determined that long-period seismic waves were caused by an ice-rock avalanche and debris flow rather than an earthquake, generating seismic energy equivalent to a magnitude 5.2 event.[The Guardian]
  • Downstream water levels in the Lhende Khola and Bhotekoshi rivers surged by 7 to 9 metres within 30 minutes following the impact, according to the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.[The Guardian]
  • Sensors operated by a British Antarctic Survey team recorded peak ground temperatures two days before the collapse, reaching their highest point in two years.[The Guardian]

What remains uncertain

  • Scientists are continuing to investigate the precise mechanical trigger and sequence of events behind the collapse.[The Guardian]

Sources