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Analysis of Roman shipwreck hull reveals ancient waterproofing techniques and repair routes

Researchers analyzing a 2,200-year-old vessel off Croatia used molecular and pollen data to map pitch coatings and regional maintenance histories.

The short version

  • Archaeologists from France and Croatia analyzed waterproofing layers on the 2,200-year-old Roman Republican shipwreck Ilovik-Paržine 1.
  • Molecular testing identified pine tar across the hull and a flexible pine tar-beeswax mixture known as zopissa in one specific area.
  • Pollen trapped in the adhesive coatings indicates the vessel underwent multiple repair cycles across different regions of the Mediterranean and Adriatic.

Key facts

  • Researchers analyzed 10 protective coating samples from the Ilovik-Paržine 1 shipwreck, which sank approximately 2,200 years ago off the Croatian coast.[ScienceDaily]
  • Mass spectrometry and molecular fingerprinting confirmed the primary waterproofing material was coniferous pine tar, with one sample also containing beeswax.[ScienceDaily]
  • Pollen grains preserved within the pitch revealed botanical signatures from coastal, riverbank, and mountainous regions such as Istria and Dalmatia.[ScienceDaily]
  • The distribution of four to five distinct coating batches suggests repeated repairs to the vessel, including three separate applications at the bow.[ScienceDaily]
  • The research was conducted by scientists from the Croatian Conservation Institute and Aix-Marseille University, and published in Frontiers in Materials.[ScienceDaily]

What remains uncertain

  • The exact geographic locations and sequence of all coating applications remain inferred estimates based on pollen profiles and prior ballast studies pointing to Brindisi.[ScienceDaily]

Sources